Covert shifts of attention can account for the functional role of "eye movements to nothing"

verfasst von

Agnes Scholz, Anja Klichowicz, Josef F. Krems

Abstract

When trying to remember verbal information from memory, people look at spatial locations that have been associated with visual stimuli during encoding, even when the visual stimuli are no longer present. It has been shown that such “eye movements to nothing” can influence retrieval performance for verbal information, but the mechanism underlying this functional relationship is unclear. More precisely, covert in comparison to overt shifts of attention could be sufficient to elicit the observed differences in retrieval performance. To test if covert shifts of attention explain the functional role of the looking-at-nothing phenomenon, we asked participants to remember verbal information that had been associated with a spatial location during an encoding phase. Additionally, during the retrieval phase, all participants solved an unrelated visual tracking task that appeared in either an associated (congruent) or an incongruent spatial location. Half the participants were instructed to look at the tracking task, half to shift their attention covertly (while keeping the eyes fixed). In two experiments, we found that memory retrieval depended on the location to which participants shifted their attention covertly. Thus, covert shifts of attention seem to be sufficient to cause differences in retrieval performance. The results extend the literature on the relationship between visuospatial attention, eye movements, and verbal memory retrieval and provide deep insights into the nature of the looking-at-nothing phenomenon.

Externe Organisation(en)

Universität Zürich (UZH)
Technische Universität Chemnitz

Typ

Artikel

Journal

Memory & cognition

Band

46

Seiten

230-243

Anzahl der Seiten

14

ISSN

0090-502X

Publikationsdatum

02.2018

Publikationsstatus

Veröffentlicht

Peer-reviewed

Ja

ASJC Scopus Sachgebiete

Experimentelle und kognitive Psychologie, Neuropsychologie und Physiologische Psychologie, Geisteswissenschaftliche Fächer (sonstige)

Elektronische Version(en)

https://doi.org/10.3758/S13421-017-0760-X (Zugang: Offen)